Oral Cancer Risk: Areca nut (betel nut) chewing is one of the major risk factors for oral cancer: What is it and why are people addicted to this | – The Times of India
Areca nut, also called betel nut, is chewed by millions across South and Southeast Asia. It feels harmless because it is traditional and widely accepted. Many people see it as a mouth freshener or a social habit. But there is a very different story. According to a research published in the Journal of Dental Research in 2022, Areca nut chewing is one of the strongest risk factors for oral cancer. The danger hides in daily routines, slow addiction, and damage that builds over years.
What exactly is areca nut and how is it used
Areca nut comes from the fruit of the areca palm tree. It is usually chewed raw, dried, or wrapped in betel leaf. Many mixes include slaked lime, tobacco, sweeteners, or spices. Products like pan masala and gutkha make it easier to consume and harder to quit.Inside the nut are natural chemicals called alkaloids. The most important one is arecoline. This substance directly affects the mouth tissues and the brain. Chewing releases these chemicals slowly, keeping them in contact with the gums and cheeks for long periods.
How areca nut damages the mouth over time
The harm does not appear overnight. Areca nut causes constant irritation inside the mouth. The fibers rub against soft tissues, creating tiny injuries. At the same time, arecoline triggers abnormal cell growth.Over months or years, this can lead to a condition called oral submucous fibrosis. The mouth slowly becomes stiff. Opening the jaw becomes painful. Burning sensations while eating spicy food are common. This condition is irreversible and has a high chance of turning into oral cancer.Unlike sudden illnesses, this damage feels gradual. That is why many people ignore early warning signs.
Why areca nut is a major risk factor for oral cancer
The World Health Organization classifies areca nut as a Group 1 carcinogen. This means there is strong evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Areca nut chemicals damage DNA inside mouth cells. They also reduce the body’s ability to repair that damage. When tobacco is added, the risk multiplies. Even without tobacco, regular chewing significantly raises oral cancer risk.Oral cancer linked to areca nut often affects younger people compared to smoking-related cancers. This makes the habit even more dangerous, especially when started in teenage years.
Why people get addicted without realising it
Addiction to areca nut is not always obvious. Arecoline creates a mild stimulant effect. It increases alertness and gives a brief sense of well-being. The brain starts craving this feeling.There is also a strong emotional link. Chewing is tied to family traditions, festivals, and social bonding. For some, it becomes a way to manage stress, hunger, or boredom. Bright packaging and sweet flavours make it attractive to children and first-time users.Because it is legal and culturally accepted, the addiction feels “safe,” even when the body is already dependent.
Breaking the myth of harmless tradition
Tradition does not always mean safety. Many users believe natural products cannot cause cancer. This belief delays medical help and keeps the habit alive.Early signs like white or red patches, mouth stiffness, or ulcers that do not heal should never be ignored. Quitting areca nut reduces future risk, even if damage has already begun. Support from family and timely dental check-ups can make quitting easier and more successful.Awareness is the strongest first step. When people understand what the nut does inside the mouth, choices begin to change.Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Anyone experiencing mouth pain, stiffness, or non-healing sores should consult a qualified healthcare professional promptly.
