A Simple Guide To Understanding Pancreatic Cancer And The Red Flags To Watch Out For

Last Updated:November 24, 2025, 13:30 IST

The pancreas is located behind the stomach. Tumors in this area can grow for some time before becoming large enough to press on nearby organs or block the bile duct.

Early signs are often mistaken for common digestive issues.

Pancreatic cancer has long been known as one of the more silent and elusive cancers. Many of its earliest symptoms blend seamlessly into the noise of everyday discomfort. Symptoms like mild stomach upset, bloating, and fatigue make it difficult to recognise when something deeper is at play. Because the pancreas sits hidden behind the stomach, tumours can quietly grow without obvious signs for weeks or even months. Understanding the difference between routine digestive discomfort and red-flag symptoms is key to catching this disease at an earlier, more treatable stage.

Dr Rajesh Shinde, Lead Consultant GI (HPB–Colorectal) & Thoracic Oncology & Robotic Surgery, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai, explains, “Pancreatic cancer is often called a silent disease because the early signs are vague and easily mistaken for common digestive issues.” He explains that tumours remain unnoticed until they press against surrounding organs or obstruct the bile duct, triggering symptoms such as persistent pain, jaundice, unexplained weight loss, and changes in stool and urine.

The Symptoms That Seem Normal But Aren’t

Indigestion, heaviness after eating, or bloating following a heavy, spicy meal are usually harmless and tend to settle within a day or two. But as Dr Shinde cautions, persistent discomfort is not something to overlook. “Pain that keeps returning for weeks, radiates to the back, or worsens when lying down deserves medical attention, especially for people above 50,” he notes.

This pain is often described as dull, deep, or gnawing, and may ease slightly when leaning forward. If it begins affecting sleep or daily function, it is important to get it evaluated.

Unexplained Weight Loss And Digestive Changes

Weight naturally fluctuates with lifestyle shifts such as diet changes, travel, and stress. But sudden, unintentional weight loss is a major red flag. Dr Shinde explains, “Loss of appetite, early fullness, nausea, and greasy or foul-smelling stools that float may indicate that the pancreas isn’t producing enough digestive enzymes.” If these symptoms occur together, especially with fatigue, they should be taken seriously.

Such stool changes, known as steatorrhea, signal poor fat absorption, which is a hallmark of pancreatic dysfunction.

Jaundice And Shifts In Blood Sugar

Jaundice, yellowing of the skin and eyes, is never normal. It may appear when a tumour blocks the bile duct, often accompanied by dark urine, clay-coloured stools, and intense itching. Dr Shinde emphasises that this symptom needs urgent evaluation, regardless of the suspected cause.

Similarly, newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes in someone over 50 who has no family history, or a sudden worsening of existing diabetes, can be an early clue. When shifts in blood sugar appear alongside digestive issues or weight loss, a deeper investigation is essential.

When To See A Doctor

Symptoms that persist beyond three to four weeks, worsen over time, or appear in combination – such as pain plus weight loss or jaundice plus itching – should be checked without delay. Many people attribute these signs to acidity, ageing, or stress, but early assessment can make a lifesaving difference.

Pancreatic cancer may be silent, but your body is not. Paying attention to persistent pain, digestive changes, jaundice, and unexplained weight loss can lead to early diagnosis through tests such as CT scans, MRI, endoscopic ultrasound, and tumour markers. Staying aware and acting promptly remains one of the strongest tools for protecting your health.